Art and Culture

Kalidasa: The Renowned Ancient Indian Poet and Playwright

Explore the life, works, and enduring legacy of Kalidasa, the iconic Sanskrit poet and playwright of ancient India. Essential for...

Aryabhatta and Ancient Indian Science

Aryabhatta and Ancient Indian Science

Discover Aryabhatta’s revolutionary contributions to mathematics and astronomy, alongside ancient Indian scientists like Sushruta, Charak, and Patanjali. Explore India’s rich...

Chanakya/Kautilya: Political Thought in Ancient India

Chanakya/Kautilya: Political Thought in Ancient India

Learn about the Chanakya’s political philosophy from the Arthashastra: Saptanga theory, Mandala diplomacy, and ethics of statecraft. Essential UPSC GS...

Rajatarangini: A Source for Early Medieval History

Rajatarangini: A Source for Early Medieval History

Explore Kalhana’s Rajatarangini, a 12th-century Sanskrit chronicle that offers a detailed historical and literary account of Kashmir’s dynasties, kings, and...

Megasthenes’ Indica: A Foreign Lens on Ancient India

Discover Megasthenes’ Indica, a valuable Greek account of Chandragupta Maurya’s empire. Explore its insights into Indian polity, society, economy, and...

Fa-Hien’s Travels in India (399–414 CE) 

A detailed and structured analysis of Fa-Hien’s journey in India under the Gupta Empire. Essential for UPSC and other competitive...

Best Books for Medieval History for UPSC

Struggling with medieval history for UPSC? Here’s a complete guide to the best NCERTs, old textbooks, and advanced reference books...

Hiuen Tsang’s Account of Ancient India – History Notes for UPSC Preparation

Hiuen Tsang’s Account of Ancient India – History Notes for UPSC Preparation

Understand the Hiuen Tsang’s history and his detailed account of 7th-century India under Harshavardhana. Useful for UPSC aspirants, covering political,...

How to Integrate Old and New NCERTs for Ancient History (UPSC)

How to Integrate Old and New NCERTs for Ancient History (UPSC)

A detailed UPSC preparation guide on how to effectively integrate Old NCERTs (R.S. Sharma) with New NCERTs (Themes in Indian...

Vijayanagar Empire – History, Administration, Culture & Economy 

Vijayanagar Empire – History, Administration, Culture & Economy 

Comprehensive UPSC notes on Vijayanagar Empire: dynasties, rulers, administration, military, culture, and economy. Ideal for Prelims & Mains preparation. The...

Mahajanapadas: Formation and Significance

Mahajanapadas: Formation and Significance

Know about the 16 Mahajanapadas of ancient India—origins, governance, sources, and their role in early state formation. Essential for UPSC...

Language in Indian Cities: Unity or Division?

Language in Indian Cities: Unity or Division?

Explore contrasting views on language politics in urban India—Joshi’s cultural unity vs Kala’s critique of elite hypocrisy and deeper social...

The Maurya Empire UPSC – Timeline, Key Rulers & Administration

The Maurya Empire UPSC – Timeline, Key Rulers & Administration

The Maurya Empire was the first major attempt to bring the Indian subcontinent under a unified political authority and established the...

Classical Language Status

Classical Language Status

Context: The Union Cabinet has approved the recognition of five more languages as “Classical Language” expanding India’s list of culturally...

Rumi

Context: Rumi was born Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi on September 30, 1207.   About: Rumi was a 13th-century Persian poet,...