Font size:
Print
India’s Rocket Systems and the Case for Heavy Payload Launch Vehicles
ISRO moots heavy-lift rocket that can carry payload of 75,000 kg
Context: India’s space ambitions are reaching for the stars—literally—with ISRO’s proposal for a super-heavy lift rocket capable of carrying a staggering 75,000 kg payload into low Earth orbit. This marks a bold leap in capability and global positioning.
What are the different types of Rocket Systems available in the Indian Space Ecosystem?
- Small and Medium-Lift Rockets: SLV (Satellite Launch Vehicle) – India’s first indigenous rocket, 35 kg to LEO. ASLV (Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle) – Payload ~150 kg.
- Workhorse Rockets: PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) – Payload ~1.75 tonnes to LEO, ~1.4 tonnes to SSO; known for versatility and reliability. GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) – Payload ~2.5 tonnes to GTO; equipped with indigenous cryogenic stage.
- Heavy-Lift Rockets: GSLV Mk III / LVM3 (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III) – Payload ~4 tonnes to GTO, ~10 tonnes to LEO. Used in Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 and future Gaganyaan missions.
- Next Generation Rockets (Under Development): Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV) – Technology demonstrator flights ongoing. Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) – For 500–700 kg payloads to LEO. NGLV (Heavy Lift Rocket) – Planned for 75,000 kg payload, recoverable first stage.
Why is there a need for heavy payload rocket systems?
- Space Station & Human Missions: Required for building Bharathiya Antariksh Station (2035) and the indigenous human moon mission (2040). Large crew and cargo modules demand high payload capacity.
- Deep Space Exploration: Missions to Venus, Mars, and outer planets need heavy spacecraft, larger fuel tanks, and advanced instruments.
- Satellite Constellations: Growing demand for broadband, navigation, and EO constellations needs multiple satellites launched at once.
- Strategic Autonomy: Reduces dependence on foreign launchers for heavy communication satellites.
How can such advancement help in Indian space diplomacy and economy?
- Global Launch Market: Position India as a competitor to SpaceX Falcon Heavy, Blue Origin’s New Glenn, and China’s Long March 9. Attract commercial satellite launches, boosting ISRO’s revenue.
- Strategic Leverage: Enhances India’s standing in space alliances (Quad, BRICS, Artemis Accords). Ability to contribute logistics for international space stations, lunar bases, and planetary missions.
- Boost to Domestic Space Economy: Expands opportunities for start-ups (IN-SPACe ecosystem), private launches, and space manufacturing. Supports satellite internet, remote sensing, and defence applications.
- Science & Technology Diplomacy: Advances in heavy rockets demonstrate India’s scientific leadership. Strengthens soft power by offering affordable launches to Global South partners.
