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Oyster-Derived Antimicrobial Proteins
Context:
Researchers have discovered that antimicrobial proteins found in the hemolymph (blood) of Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) can kill harmful bacteria.
More on News:
- This promising research offers a potential new weapon in the fight against drug-resistant superbugs, which are a growing global health threat.
- These proteins are also effective in improving the efficacy of conventional antibiotics against problematic bacteria.
- Biofilms protect bacteria from the immune system and antibiotics, making infections difficult to treat. New treatments that can disrupt or penetrate biofilms are crucial.
Research Findings
- Sydney rock oyster hemolymph proteins were found to be effective against Streptococcus spp., including their biofilm formation and penetration of existing biofilms.
- These proteins also enhanced the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics against other resistant bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- The proteins improved antibiotic efficacy 2- to 32-fold at very low concentrations, with no toxic effects on human cells.
Global Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
- Nearly 5 million deaths globally are caused by AMR infections annually.
- The toll is expected to rise by 70%, with 40 million deaths projected between now and 2050.
- Common Infections Caused by Drug-Resistant Bacteria:
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- Pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a leading cause of death in young children and older adults.
- Upper respiratory infections, including tonsillitis, are common, often leading to antibiotic prescriptions.
- Skin and throat infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes can lead to rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.
Oysters’ Natural Defense Mechanism
- Oysters produce antimicrobial proteins and peptides in their hemolymph to defend against marine pathogens, which also show activity against human pathogens.
- These proteins have been used in traditional medicine for treating respiratory infections and inflammatory conditions.
- Antimicrobial Properties: Over 90% of current antibiotics are derived from nature, and similar sources are being explored for new drugs.
Future Steps and Collaboration
- Further testing is required, including animal studies and clinical human trials, before the proteins can be developed into a therapy.
- The availability of Sydney rock oysters commercially makes it feasible to obtain a sustainable supply of proteins for research and medical use.
- The findings offer a potential collaboration between pharmaceutical and aquaculture industries to develop new, more effective antibiotics.
